中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环****** 【光明论坛】 2022年中央经济工作会议提出,要推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环。这与“十四五”规划强调的“构建实体经济、科技创新、现代金融、人力资源协同发展的现代产业体系”耦合,本质上就是通过加强产学研资的深度结合,让科技成果能够及时产业化,发挥金融对科技创新和产业振兴的支持作用,并为金融发展提供坚实的实体经济支持,避免出现金融泡沫化风险,从而把科技创新、产业振兴和金融发展有机结合起来。 推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环,要加强科技创新原动力。科技创新依赖于科学研究,尤其是基础科学研究。近年来,我国在一些核心技术方面遇到“卡脖子”难题,原因之一是基础性研究投入和研究能力还存在不足。在过去相当长的时间里,我国应用型科技领域成就斐然,形成了产业引导科技发展的方式,但还未大面积形成科技催生新产业的原始动力。中央经济工作会议提出,布局实施一批国家重大科技项目,完善新型举国体制,发挥好政府在关键核心技术攻关中的组织作用,突出企业科技创新主体地位。通过引导企业在基础研究方面投入,消除过于重视短期利益的现象,有利于充分聚焦长期的、底层技术的关键价值,力争取得创新突破,为更好促进产业发展夯实基础。 推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环,要建立现代产业体系。产业化是科技形成生产力的关键环节。只有通过产业化,科技成果才能在国民经济各个领域得到广泛应用、形成一定经济规模的产品,通过科技创造利润,满足科技研究持续投入的资金需要,从而进一步催生新技术、新产业,形成科技与产业之间的良性互动。当前,外部环境动荡不安,给我国经济带来的影响加深,亟须构建关键技术自主创新体系,发展和安全并举推动传统产业改造升级,培育壮大战略性新兴产业。对此,首先要加大保护知识产权的执法力度,健全知识产权保护体系,加快推进知识产权强国建设。其次要充分挖掘国内大市场潜力,以行业、市场需求为导向引导产业形成产业集群,通过规模经济和产品的多样化、差异化以及国际化实现经济效益。还应当依法保护企业家权益,让参与科技创新和产业化的主体享有合法的权益,激发全社会的科技创新和科技成果转化的动力。 推动“科技—产业—金融”良性循环,要充分发挥金融对实体经济发展的服务作用、资本作为产学研合作的桥梁作用,通过有效配置资源推动科技与产业发展。现代经济发展历史表明,现代国家的崛起离不开一个强大资本市场的支撑。中国的资本市场已成为世界第二大资本市场,是中国特色社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。此外,银行等金融机构也需要加大对科技创新类企业的信贷支持力度,助力有技术、有科技含量的企业做大做强。建设和运用好多层次的资本市场,中国资本市场要面向科技前沿的“硬科技”领域,汇聚起一批涉及各产业链环节、多应用场景的创新企业,充分利用好社会储蓄资金,推动中国经济高质量发展。 未来,要形成“科技—产业—金融”之间的良性循环,需要进一步强化三者之间相互“看见”“读懂”的纽带。通过建立健全科技创新成果产业化的中介服务体系,确保科技、知识产权等中介服务机构客观、科学评估创新成果产业化的市场价值和发展前景,进而提供更加精准的支持,为建立风险共担的“科技—产业—金融”运行机制提供科学准确的服务,促进科技、金融和实体经济之间的高水平循环。 (作者:王晋斌,系中国人民大学经济学院党委常务副书记、国家发展与战略研究院研究员、中国宏观经济论坛主要成员) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 彩票驿站地图 |